从 v2.0
版本开始, glog
组件提供了超级强大的、可自定义日志处理的 Handler
特性。 Handler
采用了中间件设计方式,开发者可以为日志对象注册多个处理 Handler
,也可以在 Handler
中覆盖默认的日志组件处理逻辑。
相关定义
Handler
方法定义
// Handler is function handler for custom logging content outputs.
type Handler func(ctx context.Context, in *HandlerInput)
可以看到第二个参数为日志处理的日志信息,并且为指针类型,意味着在 Handler
中可以修改该参数的任意属性信息,并且修改后的内容将会传递给下一个 Handler
。
Handler
参数定义
// HandlerInput is the input parameter struct for logging Handler.
type HandlerInput struct {
Logger *Logger // Current Logger object.
Buffer *bytes.Buffer // Buffer for logging content outputs.
Time time.Time // Logging time, which is the time that logging triggers.
TimeFormat string // Formatted time string, like "2016-01-09 12:00:00".
Color int // Using color, like COLOR_RED, COLOR_BLUE, etc. Eg: 34
Level int // Using level, like LEVEL_INFO, LEVEL_ERRO, etc. Eg: 256
LevelFormat string // Formatted level string, like "DEBU", "ERRO", etc. Eg: ERRO
CallerFunc string // The source function name that calls logging, only available if F_CALLER_FN set.
CallerPath string // The source file path and its line number that calls logging, only available if F_FILE_SHORT or F_FILE_LONG set.
CtxStr string // The retrieved context value string from context, only available if Config.CtxKeys configured.
TraceId string // Trace id, only available if OpenTelemetry is enabled.
Prefix string // Custom prefix string for logging content.
Content string // Content is the main logging content without error stack string produced by logger.
Values []any // The passed un-formatted values array to logger.
Stack string // Stack string produced by logger, only available if Config.StStatus configured.
IsAsync bool // IsAsync marks it is in asynchronous logging.
}
开发者有 两种方式 通过 Handler
自定义日志输出内容:
- 一种是直接修改
HandlerInput
中的属性信息,然后继续执行in.Next()
,默认的日志输出逻辑会将HandlerInput
中的属性打印为字符串输出。 - 另一种是将日志内容写入到
Buffer
缓冲对象中即可,默认的日志输出逻辑如果发现Buffer
已经存在日志内容将会忽略默认日志输出逻辑。
Handler
注册到 Logger
方法
// SetHandlers sets the logging handlers for current logger.
func (l *Logger) SetHandlers(handlers ...Handler)
使用示例
我们来看两个示例便于更快速了解 Handler
的使用。
示例1. 将日志输出转换为 Json
格式输出
在本示例中,我们采用了前置中间件的设计,通过自定义 Handler
将日志内容输出格式修改为了 JSON
格式。
package main
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"os"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
)
// JsonOutputsForLogger is for JSON marshaling in sequence.
type JsonOutputsForLogger struct {
Time string `json:"time"`
Level string `json:"level"`
Content string `json:"content"`
}
// LoggingJsonHandler is a example handler for logging JSON format content.
var LoggingJsonHandler glog.Handler = func(ctx context.Context, in *glog.HandlerInput) {
jsonForLogger := JsonOutputsForLogger{
Time: in.TimeFormat,
Level: gstr.Trim(in.LevelFormat, "[]"),
Content: gstr.Trim(in.Content),
}
jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(jsonForLogger)
if err != nil {
_, _ = os.Stderr.WriteString(err.Error())
return
}
in.Buffer.Write(jsonBytes)
in.Buffer.WriteString("\n")
in.Next(ctx)
}
func main() {
g.Log().SetHandlers(LoggingJsonHandler)
ctx := context.TODO()
g.Log().Debug(ctx, "Debugging...")
g.Log().Warning(ctx, "It is warning info")
g.Log().Error(ctx, "Error occurs, please have a check")
}
可以看到,我们可以在 Handler
中通过 Buffer
属性操作来控制输出的日志内容。如果在所有的前置中间件 Handler
处理后 Buffer
内容为空,那么继续 Next
执行后将会执行日志中间件默认的 Handler
逻辑。执行本示例的代码后,终端输出:
{"time":"2021-12-31 11:03:25.438","level":"DEBU","content":"Debugging..."}
{"time":"2021-12-31 11:03:25.438","level":"WARN","content":"It is warning info"}
{"time":"2021-12-31 11:03:25.438","level":"ERRO","content":"Error occurs, please have a check \nStack:\n1. main.main\n C:/hailaz/test/main.go:42"}
示例2. 将内容输出到第三方日志搜集服务中
在本示例中,我们采用了后置中间件的设计,通过自定义 Handler
将日志内容输出一份到第三方 graylog
日志搜集服务中,并且不影响原有的日志输出处理。
Graylog
是与ELK
可以相提并论的一款集中式日志管理方案,支持数据收集、检索、可视化Dashboard
。在本示例中使用到了一个简单的第三方graylog
客户端组件。
package main
import (
"context"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
gelf "github.com/robertkowalski/graylog-golang"
)
var grayLogClient = gelf.New(gelf.Config{
GraylogPort: 80,
GraylogHostname: "graylog-host.com",
Connection: "wan",
MaxChunkSizeWan: 42,
MaxChunkSizeLan: 1337,
})
// LoggingGrayLogHandler is an example handler for logging content to remote GrayLog service.
var LoggingGrayLogHandler glog.Handler = func(ctx context.Context, in *glog.HandlerInput) {
in.Next()
grayLogClient.Log(in.Buffer.String())
}
func main() {
g.Log().SetHandlers(LoggingGrayLogHandler)
ctx := context.TODO()
g.Log().Debug(ctx, "Debugging...")
g.Log().Warning(ctx, "It is warning info")
g.Log().Error(ctx, "Error occurs, please have a check")
glog.Print(ctx, "test log")
}
全局默认 Handler
日志对象默认是没有设置任何的 Handler
,从 v2.1
版本开始,框架提供了可以设置全局默认 Handler
的功能特性。全局默认 Handler
将对所有的使用该日志组件,并且没有自定义 Handler
的日志打印功能生效。同时,全局默认 Handler
将会影响日志包方法的日志打印行为。
开发者可以通过以下两个方法来设置和获取全局默认的 Handler
。
// SetDefaultHandler sets default handler for package.
func SetDefaultHandler(handler Handler)
// GetDefaultHandler returns the default handler of package.
func GetDefaultHandler() Handler
需要注意,这种全局包配置的方法不是并发安全的,并且往往需要在项目启动逻辑最顶部执行。
使用示例,我们将项目所有的日志输出均采用 JSON
格式输出,以保证日志内容结构化并且每次日志输出都是单行,方便日志采集期采集日志:
package main
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"os"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
)
// JsonOutputsForLogger is for JSON marshaling in sequence.
type JsonOutputsForLogger struct {
Time string `json:"time"`
Level string `json:"level"`
Content string `json:"content"`
}
// LoggingJsonHandler is a example handler for logging JSON format content.
var LoggingJsonHandler glog.Handler = func(ctx context.Context, in *glog.HandlerInput) {
jsonForLogger := JsonOutputsForLogger{
Time: in.TimeFormat,
Level: gstr.Trim(in.LevelFormat, "[]"),
Content: gstr.Trim(in.Content),
}
jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(jsonForLogger)
if err != nil {
_, _ = os.Stderr.WriteString(err.Error())
return
}
in.Buffer.Write(jsonBytes)
in.Buffer.WriteString("\n")
in.Next(ctx)
}
func main() {
ctx := context.TODO()
glog.SetDefaultHandler(LoggingJsonHandler)
g.Log().Debug(ctx, "Debugging...")
glog.Warning(ctx, "It is warning info")
glog.Error(ctx, "Error occurs, please have a check")
}
执行后,终端输出:
{"time":"2022-06-20 10:51:50.235","level":"DEBU","content":"Debugging..."}
{"time":"2022-06-20 10:51:50.235","level":"WARN","content":"It is warning info"}
{"time":"2022-06-20 10:51:50.235","level":"ERRO","content":"Error occurs, please have a check"}
组件通用 Handler
组件提供了一些通用性的日志 Handler
,方便开发者使用,提高开发效率。
HandlerJson
该 Handler
可以将日志内容转换为 Json
格式打印。使用示例:
package main
import (
"context"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.TODO()
glog.SetDefaultHandler(glog.HandlerJson)
g.Log().Debug(ctx, "Debugging...")
glog.Warning(ctx, "It is warning info")
glog.Error(ctx, "Error occurs, please have a check")
}
执行后,终端输出:
{"Time":"2022-06-20 20:04:04.725","Level":"DEBU","Content":"Debugging..."}
{"Time":"2022-06-20 20:04:04.725","Level":"WARN","Content":"It is warning info"}
{"Time":"2022-06-20 20:04:04.725","Level":"ERRO","Content":"Error occurs, please have a check","Stack":"1. main.main\n /Users/john/Workspace/Go/GOPATH/src/github.com/gogf/gf/.test/main.go:16\n"}
HandlerStructure
该 Handler
可以将日志内容转换为结构化格式打印,主要是为了和 Golang
新版本的 slog
日志输出内容保持一致。使用示例:
package main
import (
"context"
"net"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
)
func main() {
ctx := context.TODO()
glog.SetDefaultHandler(glog.HandlerStructure)
g.Log().Info(ctx, "caution", "name", "admin")
glog.Error(ctx, "oops", net.ErrClosed, "status", 500)
}
执行后,终端输出:
Time="2023-11-23 21:00:08.671" Level=INFO Content=caution name=admin
Time="2023-11-23 21:00:08.671" Level=ERRO oops="use of closed network connection" status=500 Stack="1. main.main\n /Users/txqiangguo/Workspace/gogf/gf/example/.test/main.go:16\n"