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当然,想必您已经猜到了,在对一些复杂类型(如struct)的转换时,gconv模块内部其实使用了反射的特性来实现的。这虽然为开发者提供了极大的便捷,但是这确实是以性能损耗为代价的。其实在对于struct转换时,如果开发者已经明确转换规则,并且对于其中的性能损耗比较在意,那么可以对特定的struct实现UnmarshalValue接口来实现自定义转换。当使用gconv模块对该struct进行转换时,无论该struct是直接作为转换对象或者转换对象的属性,gconv都将会自动识别其实现的UnmarshalValue接口并直接调用该接口实现类型转换,而不会使用反射特性来实现转换。

标准库的常用反序列化接口,如UnmarshalText(text []byte) error其实也是支持的哟,使用方式同UnmarshalValue,只是参数不同。

接口定义

// apiUnmarshalValue is the interface for custom defined types customizing value assignment.
// Note that only pointer can implement interface apiUnmarshalValue.
type apiUnmarshalValue interface {
	UnmarshalValue(interface{}) error
}

可以看到,自定义的类型可以通过定义UnmarshalValue方法来实现自定义的类型转换。这里的输入参数为interface{}类型,开发者可以在实际使用场景中通过 类型断言 或者其他方式进行类型转换。

需要特别注意,由于UnmarshalValue类型转换会修改当前对象的属性值,因此需要保证该接口实现的接受者(Receiver)是指针类型。

正确的接口实现定义示例(使用指针接受):

func (c *Receiver) UnmarshalValue(interface{}) error

错误的接口实现定义示例(使用了值传递):

func (c Receiver) UnmarshalValue(interface{}) error

使用示例

1、自定义数据表查询结果struct转换

数据表结构:

CREATE TABLE `user` (
   id bigint unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   passport varchar(45),
   password char(32) NOT NULL,
   nickname varchar(45) NOT NULL,
   create_time timestamp NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ;

示例代码:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/container/garray"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/database/gdb"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/os/gtime"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/util/gconv"
)

type User struct {
	Id         int
	Passport   string
	Password   string
	Nickname   string
	CreateTime *gtime.Time
}

func (user *User) UnmarshalValue(value interface{}) error {
	switch result := value.(type) {
	case map[string]interface{}:
		user.Id = result["id"].(gdb.Value).Int()
		user.Passport = result["passport"].(gdb.Value).String()
		user.Password = ""
		user.Nickname = result["nickname"].(gdb.Value).String()
		user.CreateTime = result["create_time"].(gdb.Value).GTime()
		return nil
	default:
		return gconv.Struct(value, user)
	}
}

func main() {
	var (
		err   error
		users []*User
	)
	array := garray.New(true)
	for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
		array.Append(g.Map{
			"id":          i,
			"passport":    fmt.Sprintf(`user_%d`, i),
			"password":    fmt.Sprintf(`pass_%d`, i),
			"nickname":    fmt.Sprintf(`name_%d`, i),
			"create_time": gtime.NewFromStr("2018-10-24 10:00:00").String(),
		})
	}
	// 写入数据
	_, err = g.DB().BatchInsert("user", array.Slice())
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	// 查询数据
	err = g.Model("user").Order("id asc").Scan(&users)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	g.Dump(users)
}

执行后,终端输出:

[
        {
                "Id": 1,
                "Passport": "user_1",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_1",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 2,
                "Passport": "user_2",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_2",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 3,
                "Passport": "user_3",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_3",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 4,
                "Passport": "user_4",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_4",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 5,
                "Passport": "user_5",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_5",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 6,
                "Passport": "user_6",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_6",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 7,
                "Passport": "user_7",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_7",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 8,
                "Passport": "user_8",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_8",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 9,
                "Passport": "user_9",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_9",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        },
        {
                "Id": 10,
                "Passport": "user_10",
                "Password": "",
                "Nickname": "name_10",
                "CreateTime": "2018-10-24 10:00:00"
        }
]

可以看到自定义的UnmarshalValue类型转换方法中没有使用到反射特性,因此转换的性能会得到极大的提升。小伙伴们可以尝试着增加写入的数据量(例如100W),同时对比一下去掉UnmarshalValue后的类型转换所开销的时间。

2、自定义二进制TCP数据解包

一个TCP通信的数据包解包示例。

package main

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/crypto/gcrc32"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/encoding/gbinary"
	"github.com/gogf/gf/util/gconv"
)

type Pkg struct {
	Length uint16 // Total length.
	Crc32  uint32 // CRC32.
	Data   []byte
}

// NewPkg creates and returns a package with given data.
func NewPkg(data []byte) *Pkg {
	return &Pkg{
		Length: uint16(len(data) + 6),
		Crc32:  gcrc32.Encrypt(data),
		Data:   data,
	}
}

// Marshal encodes the protocol struct to bytes.
func (p *Pkg) Marshal() []byte {
	b := make([]byte, 6+len(p.Data))
	copy(b, gbinary.EncodeUint16(p.Length))
	copy(b[2:], gbinary.EncodeUint32(p.Crc32))
	copy(b[6:], p.Data)
	return b
}

// UnmarshalValue decodes bytes to protocol struct.
func (p *Pkg) UnmarshalValue(v interface{}) error {
	b := gconv.Bytes(v)
	if len(b) < 6 {
		return errors.New("invalid package length")
	}
	p.Length = gbinary.DecodeToUint16(b[:2])
	if len(b) < int(p.Length) {
		return errors.New("invalid data length")
	}
	p.Crc32 = gbinary.DecodeToUint32(b[2:6])
	p.Data = b[6:]
	if gcrc32.Encrypt(p.Data) != p.Crc32 {
		return errors.New("crc32 validation failed")
	}
	return nil
}

func main() {
	var p1, p2 *Pkg

	// Create a demo pkg as p1.
	p1 = NewPkg([]byte("123"))
	fmt.Println(p1)

	// Convert bytes from p1 to p2 using gconv.Struct.
	err := gconv.Struct(p1.Marshal(), &p2)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	fmt.Println(p2)
}

执行后,终端输出:

&{9 2286445522 [49 50 51]}
&{9 2286445522 [49 50 51]}
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